Alsalam Oncology

:We offer

• • Imaging studies (X-Ray, CT Scan, MRI, Mammogram, Ultrasound, etc) ✔
  • Pathology services ✔
  • Molecular tests ✔

.Colonoscopy, FIT test, breast US, mammogram, Pap Smear, HPV test, PSA, low dose scanning chest CT, multicancer early detection blood test, etc

• • • Colectomy ✔
    • Liver operations ✔
    • .Breast surgeries ✔

• • Immunotherapy ✔
  • Targeted Therapy ✔
  • Hormonotherapy’s and Chemotherapy ✔

:A dedicated services focused on enhancing comfort and Quality of life through

• • Pain management ✔
  • Thoracentesis ✔
  • Paracentesis ✔
  • Nutrition ✔

The breast sits on the chest wall in both women and men. It contains lobules (milk‑producing glands) and ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple), surrounded by fatty and connective tissue. Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules.

• Common causes and risks:
  • Age, family history, inherited genes mutations  (BRCA1/2), prior chest radiation, dense breasts, hormonal factors, obesity, alcohol, low physical activity.
• Symptoms to notice:
  • Lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
  • Change in breast size or shape.
  • Skin dimpling, redness, or peeling.
  • Nipple inversion or discharge.
• Gentle reminder:
  • Breast cancer can cause symptoms, but often only once the disease has advanced.
• Early detection and screening:
  • Mammography is the main screening tool; ultrasound or MRI may be used for high risk individuals. Early detection greatly improves cure rates and can reduce treatment intensity.
• Treatment options:
  • Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy (for hormone receptor–positive cancers), targeted therapies, and immunotherapy in selected cases. Treatment is tailored to stage and tumor biology.

The prostate is a small gland in men, located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It produces fluid that nourishes and protects sperm. Prostate cancer arises when cells in the prostate grow abnormally.

• Common causes and risks:
  • Age, family history, inherited genes (BRCA1/2, HOXB13), obesity, dietary factors.
• Symptoms to notice:
  • Difficulty urinating or weak stream.
  • Frequent urination (especially at night).
  • Blood in urine or semen.
  • Pelvic discomfort; bone pain in advanced stages.
• Gentle reminder:
  • Prostate cancer usually remains silent; when symptoms appear, the disease is often already more advanced.
• Early detection and screening:
  • PSA blood test and digital rectal exam after shared decision‑making. Early detection offers more treatment choices and better outcomes.
• Treatment options:
  • Active surveillance (for low‑risk disease), surgery (radical prostatectomy), radiation therapy, hormonal therapy (androgen deprivation), targeted therapies, and radiopharmaceuticals in advanced disease. Choice depends on risk category, stage, and patient preferences.

The colon is a hollow organ in the abdomen that stores the stool. It absorbs water and nutrients before its elimination. Colorectal cancer often starts as benign polyps in the inner lining that can slowly turn into cancer.  A polyp is a growth of tissue that sticks out from the lining of an organ or body cavity.

• Common causes and risks:
  • Age, family history, inflammatory bowel disease, inherited syndromes (Lynch Syndrome, FAP), obesity, smoking, alcohol, low‑fiber/high‑processed diet, physical inactivity.
• Symptoms to notice:
  • Change in bowel habits.
  • Rectal bleeding or blood in stool.
  • Abdominal pain or bloating.
  • Unexplained weight loss.
• Gentle reminder:
  • Colorectal cancer may cause changes or bleeding, but these signs often come late.
• Early detection and screening:
  • Colonoscopy detects and removes polyps; stool‑based tests (FIT, FIT‑DNA) can flag early disease. Screening prevents cancer and improves survival.
• Treatment options:
  • Surgery is central for early stages; radiation therapy is used especially for rectal cancer; chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy (for selected genetic types such as MSI‑H) are added based on stage and tumor features.

The lungs sit in the chest and bring oxygen into the body while removing carbon dioxide. Lung cancer begins when lung cells grow uncontrollably; smoking is the biggest risk factor, but non‑smokers can be affected.

• Common causes and risks:
  • Smoking and secondhand smoke, air pollution, radon, occupational exposures, family history.
• Symptoms to notice:
  • Persistent cough.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • Chest pain.
  • Coughing up blood.
• Gentle reminder:
  • Lung cancer does cause symptoms, yet they typically arise only after the cancer has progressed.
• Early detection and screening:
  • Low‑dose CT screening for eligible high‑risk individuals can detect lung cancer early, when it’s more treatable.
• Treatment options:
  • Surgery and radiation therapy for localized disease; chemotherapy, targeted therapies (for specific mutations), and immunotherapy for advanced stages. Treatment is guided by cancer type (NSCLC vs. SCLC) and molecular tests.

The stomach is a muscular, J-shaped organ in the upper abdomen. It secretes strong acids and enzymes to start the process of digestion and break down food before it moves to the small intestine. Stomach cancer usually begins in the mucosa—the innermost layer of the stomach lining—where it develops from glandular cells.

• Common causes and risks:
  • Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria, which causes chronic inflammation and ulcers.
  • Chronic gastritis (long-term stomach inflammation) or pernicious anemia.
  • Age, family history, and inherited syndromes (e.g., Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer, Lynch Syndrome).
  • Smoking, heavy alcohol use, and a diet high in salted, smoked, or pickled foods and low in fruits and vegetables.
• Symptoms to notice:
  • Persistent indigestion or heartburn (dyspepsia).
  • Abdominal pain or discomfort, especially in the upper abdomen.
  • Feeling full after eating only a small amount (early satiety).
  • Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite.
  • Nausea, vomiting, or blood in the vomit/stool.
• Gentle reminder:
  • Stomach cancer symptoms, such as indigestion or bloating, are often mistaken for less serious conditions, leading to late diagnosis.
  • Early detection and screening.
  • Endoscopy (EGD) is the main tool for diagnosis, allowing doctors to view the stomach lining and take biopsies.
  • In high-risk countries (e.g., Japan, South Korea), population-based screening (e.g., endoscopy or barium swallow) is common to find early-stage disease.
• Treatment options:
  • Surgery (gastrectomy) is the main treatment for early-stage and locoregional cancer, often combined with removing nearby lymph nodes. In very early stages, endoscopic mucosal resection could be possible.
  • Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or radiation therapy are typically given before and after surgery to shrink the tumor or kill remaining cancer cells.
  • Targeted therapies (like HER2-blockers) and immunotherapy are used for advanced or metastatic disease, depending on specific tumor markers.

The pancreas lies deep in the abdomen behind the stomach. It produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. Pancreatic cancer usually starts in the cells lining the ducts that carry digestive juices.

• Common causes and risks:
  • Age, smoking, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, obesity, family history, inherited genes (BRCA2, PALB2)
• Symptoms to notice:
  • Abdominal or back pain.
  • Unexplained weight loss.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes).
• Gentle reminder:
  • Pancreatic cancer is known as a “silent” disease—symptoms usually appear only in late stages.
• Early detection and screening:
  • There is no routine screening for the general population. High‑risk families may benefit from surveillance in specialized centers.
• Treatment options:
  • Surgery when feasible, chemotherapy, targeted therapy in selected genetic contexts, and supportive care for symptom relief. Early evaluation in high‑risk individuals is important.